The ginger planting process must be carried out in accordance with certain procedures, and the products must meet certain quality standards. Over the past few years, in order to meet the demand for agricultural products in domestic and foreign markets, the use of pesticides in the production process has been reduced. To reduce the amount of pesticide residues in products, we have summarized the integrated pest control technology for ginger from site selection to harvest, which has achieved obvious economic benefits.
1. Lot selection. Choose a slightly acidic plot with deep soil, fertile soil, rich organic matter, and a pH value of 6-7. The terrain is high and dry, and drainage and irrigation are convenient. It is required that there are no "three wastes" pollution sources within 3 kilometers around the plot. The air environment quality, irrigation water quality and soil of Jiangtian should meet the quality standard of pollution-free agricultural product base.
2. Variety selection. According to local planting habits, select varieties with high yield, high quality, resistance to diseases and insect pests, strong stress resistance and good commerciality.
Three, selection. The ginger from the disease-free land of the previous year was selected as the ginger seed. Use well water to wash away the sediment, and choose ginger that is plump, plump, shiny in skin color, bright yellow in color, not shrinking, hard in texture, not frozen, not rotten, with fat and round buds, and free from diseases and insect pests. It is strictly forbidden to transfer seeds from diseased ginger areas. Strictly remove ginger pieces with blackened skin (already waterlogged), frozen, rotten, soft ginger meat or other diseases and insect pests.
After selecting the seeds, soak them in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes to accelerate germination.
Four, soil preparation and fertilization. After 10-15 days of ginger planting, combined with deep plowing, 50 kg of green fertilizer, 5,000 kg of fully decomposed manure, leveling and raking finely, when sowing, apply seed fertilizer on ridges, and generally apply 100 kg of cake fertilizer (peanut cake or bean cake) per mu , 15 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 3 kg of zinc fertilizer, and 2 kg of borax.
Five, reasonable colonization. Before sowing, break the germinated large ginger pieces into small seed pieces of 70-80 grams. Generally, only one strong bud is left on each seed piece, and the wound is dipped in plant ash before planting (standard for strong buds: bud length 0.5-1.5 cm, 0.8-1 cm in diameter, the young buds are white and bright, the bud body is fat, the top is blunt and round, and the base of the bud has no new roots). When planting, put the ginger buds perpendicular to the row direction and place them flat in the sowing ditch. The top and bottom of the ginger buds are uneven and in a straight line, and then cover with soil about 4 cm to ensure that the seedlings are uniform and strong.
In the early stage of seedlings, water is the main method to keep the ground moist. Water the seedlings appropriately according to the weather conditions in the later stage, keep the ground from dry to wet, and water in the morning and evening in summer. After the heavy rain, remove the accumulated water in the ground in time, and then add water from the well once. During the entire ginger growth period, flood irrigation is prohibited.
6. Scientific prevention and control. According to the forecast and report information of the local plant protection department, in line with the purpose of accurate, early and small treatment, diseased plants are found, selected and treated, early application of drugs, one drug for multiple treatments, and the use of pesticides are reduced.
Stem disease (ginger blast, ginger rot, etc.); when a diseased plant is found in the field, dig out the diseased plant and the soil around the diseased plant in time, take it out of the field and bury it deep, apply 125 grams of bleaching powder or pour 1% bleaching powder in the hole, Then seal the heap with sterile soil, and the control effect is good.
Leaf diseases (ginger anthracnose, leaf blight, etc.): When diseased leaves are found in the field, remove them in time and put them in plastic bags, take them out of the field and burn them or bury them deeply. At the same time, use 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times liquid plus 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600-700 times liquid as early as possible for foliar spraying control, once every 7-10 days, and spray twice . Pay attention to spray evenly and finely. Stop medication 20 days before harvest.
Ginger borers and aphids: When ginger borers and aphids are found in the field, spray 750 times of Yangkang No. 3 suspension concentrate (AA grade green food production materials) in time or use 6000 times of abamectin preparation (1.8% Miecongling) to control them. According to the growth size of ginger and the pest situation, the dosage should be appropriately changed. At the same time, high-pressure mercury lamps are turned on at night to trap and kill adults.