Radix Notoginseng has the effect of dispelling blood stasis and stopping bleeding, reducing swelling and relieving pain. Indications for hemoptysis, hematemesis, epistaxis, hematochezia, metrorrhagia, traumatic bleeding, chest and abdomen tingling, tumbling pain. "Compendium of Materia Medica" says: "Sanqi stops bleeding, disperses blood, and calms pain." "Yulong Yaojie" says: "Sanqi and Ying stop bleeding, dredge the meridian and promote blood stasis, stop blood stasis and astringe new blood."
(1) Hemostasis
Panax notoginseng has the title of "hemostatic magic medicine", dissipates blood stasis, stops bleeding without leaving stasis, and is more suitable for bleeding with stasis. Panax notoginseng has a strong hemostatic effect, and it shows obvious hemostatic effect on different animals, different administration routes, and different preparations. After intragastric administration of Panax notoginseng powder under anesthesia, the in vitro coagulation time and prothrombin time of carotid artery blood were shortened. If the portal vein is ligated in advance, the hemostatic effect will disappear. It is speculated that after taking Sanqi orally, it must be metabolized by the liver to produce hemostatic effect. Intravenous injection of Sanqi injection into rabbits can shorten the coagulation time, prothrombin time and thrombin time, increase the number of platelets, and improve the adhesion of platelets. Intraperitoneal injection of Sanqi injection or intragastric administration of Sanqi solution can shorten the bleeding time and coagulation time of mice. The hemostatic active ingredient of notoginseng is notoginseng. The bleeding time was determined by cutting off the tail vein, and the intraperitoneal injection of the triheptanoic acid solution to the mice could shorten the bleeding time and increase the number of platelets. Intravenous injection of rabbits with high molecular weight dextran and thromboplastin can cause different degrees of hemorrhage in the interstitium and alveoli of the rabbits, and at the same time small blood vessels and small blood clots in capillaries form, resulting in the coexistence of bleeding and stasis pathological model. After the model animals were treated with Panax notoginseng injection, the pulmonary hemorrhage and thrombus were significantly reduced, which is very consistent with the traditional Chinese medicine theory of Sanqi to stop bleeding without leaving stasis. The hemostatic effect of Panax notoginseng is mainly achieved by increasing the number of platelets and enhancing the function of platelets. Electron microscope observation found that Panax notoginseng injection can make platelets in guinea pigs in vitro stretch pseudopods, deform, aggregate, destroy and partially dissolve platelet membranes, and produce secretory reactions such as platelet degranulation, thereby inducing platelets to release ADP and platelet coagulation factors Hemostatic active substances such as Ⅲ and Ca++ play a hemostatic effect. The hemostatic effect of notoginseng is also related to the contraction of local blood vessels and the increase of thrombin content in the blood. Notoginseng is easily destroyed by heating, so notoginseng should be used raw for hemostasis. the
(2) Antithrombotic
Panax notoginseng has the effect of promoting blood circulation and dispelling blood stasis, can resist platelet aggregation, and resist thrombosis. The active ingredient is notoginseng saponins, mainly panaxatriol glycoside Rg1. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) can significantly inhibit platelet aggregation induced by collagen and ADP in vitro in rats or in rabbits. Intravenous administration in rats can inhibit the formation of experimental thrombus. In the rat disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) model induced by thrombin, intravenous injection of Rg1 can significantly inhibit the decrease of platelets and the increase of fibrin degradation products (FDP), indicating that it has the effect of anti-DIC and reducing the consumption of coagulation factors. Patients with hyperviscosity or (and) hyperlipidemia can significantly reduce the content of plasma fibrinogen by taking raw Panax notoginseng powder. Panax notoginseng inhibits the conversion from fibrinogen to fibrin induced by thrombin, and can activate urokinase to promote the dissolution of fibrin.
The above effects indicate that the antithrombotic effect of Panax notoginseng includes anti-platelet aggregation, anti-thrombin and promotion of fibrinolysis.
Panax notoginseng can increase the content of cAMP in platelets, reduce the synthesis of thromboxane A2, inhibit the release of active substances that promote platelet aggregation such as Ca++ and 5-HT, and play an anti-platelet aggregation effect. Some data show that it takes 20 consecutive days for rabbits to have an obvious anti-platelet aggregation effect after intravenous injection or feeding of PNS at a daily mg/kg, suggesting that the clinical use of Panax notoginseng to treat thrombotic diseases has a slow onset of effect. the
(3) Promote hematopoiesis
Panax notoginseng "removes blood stasis and promotes regeneration". Modern research has confirmed that Panax notoginseng has the effect of enriching blood. After irradiating mice with 60CO-γ rays, continuous intraperitoneal injection of PNS for 6 days can significantly promote the proliferation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells. In spleen nodules, granulocytes and erythroid cells are active in mitosis, and the weight of spleen increases. For cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia in mice, PNS can also promote recovery. In rats with acute hemorrhagic anemia, Sanqi injection can significantly promote the recovery of red blood cells, reticulocytes, and hemoglobin.